作者：佚名    资源来源：其它网站    点击数：    更新时间：1/12/2008

 英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例：
The children are looked after well.
孩子被照顾得很好。
the children和look after是被动关系。
The woman looks after the children.
这位妇女照看这些孩子。（主语是look after的执行者）
通常只有及物动词才有被动语，但不及物动词加上介词后也可以有被动语态，但介词不可以省去。今天主要复习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、正在进行时和过去进行及情态动词的被动语态，动词的被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态改变。
一. 1. 一般现在时的被动语态
动词由is/ am/ are＋动词的过去分词构成。is, am, are随人称改变。例：
Rice is grown in the south of China.
中国的南方种水稻。
I am often told to be careful by my mother.
我经常被妈妈告诉要小心。
Trees are planted every spring.
树每年春天植。
2. 一般过去时的被动语态，动词由was/ were＋过去分词构成。例：
The boy was hit by a car yesterday.
这个男孩昨天被车撞了。
The chairs were repaired yesterday morning.
这些椅子昨天上午修好了。
3. 一般将来时的被动语态，动词由will/ shall＋be＋过去分词构成，或者由be going to be done构成。例：
A new school will be built here next year.
一所新的学校明年将在这里建成。
The roads are going to be widened soon.
路很快就会被加宽。
4. 现在完成时的被动语态，由have/ has been＋过去分词构成。例：
The sick man has been taken to the hospital.
那个病人已经被带到医院去了。
The hospitals have been built already.
这些医院已经被建成了。
5. 正在进行时的被动语态，由is/ am/ are＋being＋过去分词构成。例：
The meeting is being had now.
会正开着。
The water is being cleaned by the workers.
水正由工人们弄干净。
6. 过去进行时的被动语态。was/ were＋being＋过去分词。例：
A book was being borrowed by me at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候我在借书。
7. 情态动词的被动语态。情态动词can/ may/ must/ should＋be＋过去分词。
The work can be done tomorrow.
这个工作可以明天做。
The composition must be finished today.
今天作文必须写完。

二. 主动语态和被动语态的转换
主动语态和被动语态可以相互转换，通常有以下三个步骤来完成：
（1）宾语变主语（即将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语）
（2）变动词（即将主动语态的动词随时态变成相应的被动语态的动词形式）
（3）加by短语（即将主动语态的主语放于by的后面，主格变宾格，有时不必指出可以省去）
例：
They speak English every day.
（主动语态）他们每天说英语。
English is spoken by them every day.
People grow cotton in the south.
Cotton is grown in the south.（by短语省去）
They cleaned the room last night.
The room was cleaned last night.
同样被动语态变为主动语态正好相反，例：
Was the book written by the boy?
Did the boy write the book?

三. 带有双宾语及省“to”不定式作宾补的句子变化。
1. 带有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语，通常有两种变化，既可以提前间宾，也可以提前直宾。例：
They gave me some advice on English study.
I was given some advice on English study by them.
Some advice on English study was given to me by them.
2. 省去“to”的不定式作宾补变为被动语再加“to”。例：
He made the boy work all day.
The boy was made to work all day.
I saw them come into the room.
They were seen to come into the room by me.

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