作者：太原师范…    资源来源：其他网站    点击数：    更新时间：5/1/2008

上一篇我们对大学英语中常出现的一些近义介词短语进行了总结、辨析,本期我们将介绍一些常见的形近义异介词短语和其他一些常用介词短语。

(二)形近义异介词短语辨析

1. ①all but 几乎,差一点(almost)；除了……都(all except)

②anything but单单除……之外；根本不……

③nothing but 仅仅,只不过(only, no more than)

I all but stumbled. 我差一点摔跤。

I will eat anything but carrot. 我什么都吃,就是不吃胡萝卜。

He is anything but clever. 他根本不聪明。

The fellow is nothing but a fool. 那家伙不过是个傻瓜而已。

2.  ①at a time 每次,一次

②at one time曾经,一度(once)；

同时(at the same time; simultaneously)He used to abandon his work for many months at a time. 他过去常常把工作一丢就是好几个月。

At one time she was the chairman of the board. 她曾担任董事会主席。

He was the chairman of the board and at one time he was also the president of the company. 他同时担任董事会主席和公司总裁。

3. ①at no time决不,从不(never; on no occasion)

②in no time立即,马上(in a very brief time)

At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable. 我从没觉得他们不讲理。

We’ll be there in no time.我们很快就会到那儿。

4. ①for the moment暂时(as far as the present time is concerned, although perhaps not later)

②at the moment此刻,现在(at present time; now)

③in a moment很快,一会儿(very soon)

For the moment we are content to watch and wait.目前我们甘心在一旁观察和等待。(暗含以后不甘于这样的意味)

I’m busy at the moment, but I’ll do it later. 这会儿我很忙,过后我会处理这件事的。

I am on the telephone now, but I will be with you in a moment. 我正打电话,一会儿就到你那儿去。

5. ①at present目前,现在(at the present time or moment; now)

②for the present暂时,暂且(temporarily)；就目前而言(as far as the present time is concerned意指某一情形目前存在着,但很可能会发生变化)

We don’t know at present who will win the election.现在我们还不知道谁将在选举中获胜。

For the present she continues with the antibiotics. 目前她还是继续使用抗生素。

6. ①out of question毫无疑问(without doubt; doubtless),作表语

②out of the question不可能的(not to be thought of as possible; not to be done),也作表语

③without question毫无疑问,毫无疑义(without arguing or asking why it is necessary),作状语

The sabotage is out of question a fresh blow to international peace efforts. 那次阴谋破坏无疑对国际和平努力又是一个新的打击。

She knew that a holiday was out of the question this year.她知道今年不可能有假期。

Without question he is the brightest student in the school. 毫无疑问,他是全校最聪明的学生。

7. ①for oneself为自己

②to oneself 归于自己

③of oneself 由自己构成,出于自动

④in oneself在自身境界中,在自身属性中

⑤by oneself 自动地,单独地

She kept the largest apple for herself. 她把最大的苹果留给自己。

Keep it to yourself. 不要告诉别人。

You must have done something to it —it cannot break of itself. 你一定碰它了——它不会自己破的。

London forms a county by itself. 伦敦单独就是一个郡。

London seems a world of itself. 伦敦本身好像就是个世界。

London is a little world in itself.伦敦城里就是一个小型世界。

8. ①on the contrary表示完全不赞同某一说法并提出与该说法"正相反,恰恰相反"的事实

②by / in contrast用于表示两个极不相同的事实之间的明显差异,意为"与此形成对照；相比之下"

—Does it rain a lot in the desert? 沙漠里下雨多吗？

—On the contrary, it hardly ever rains. 恰恰相反,那儿几乎从不下雨。

By/In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 相比之下,我们的石油用量增长巨大。

9. ①at the cost of 以(某物)为代价,以牺牲某人的生命为代价

②at the expense of由……支付费用,以(损害或损失)……为代价

He saved the girl from drowning at the cost of his own life. 他舍身把溺水的姑娘救出来。

His successful career was at the expense of his social life. 他成功的职业生涯是以牺牲社交生活为代价的。

10. ①in the face of 面对,纵然遭遇(困难、问题等)而

②in the presence of / in one’s presence 某人在场的情况下,当着某人的面

③in front of也可表示当着某人的面

They carry on smiling in the face of adversity. 面对逆境,他们仍然保持微笑。

He signed his name in the presence of two witnesses. 他当着两位证人的面签下自己的名字。

Don’t talk about that in front of the children. 别当着孩子的面谈那件事情。

(三)一些其他常用介词短语

1. 表示"简言之"in a / one word, in sum, in short, in brief

2. 表示"总的来说,大体上"on the whole, in general

3. 表示"事实上"in truth, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact

4. 表示"有时,间或"on and off, on occasions, once in a while, at times, from time to time

5. 表示"偶然"by chance, by accident

6. 表示"突然"all at once, all of a sudden

7. 表示"至多"at best, at most

8. 表示"代替"instead of, in place of

9. 表示"最后,终于"at last, at length, in the end, in time (最后,终于；及时)

10. 表示"究竟,到底"in the world, on earth

11. 表示"从今以后"from now on, in future

12. 表示"永久地"for ever (永远), for good (永久地,决定性地), once and for all (一劳永逸地)

13. 从长远说来in the long run14. 从短期来看,眼下in the short run以上我们介绍了一些大学英语学习中常见的介词短语。在我们以后的学习中一定还会遇到很多其他的介词短语,希望同学们注意总结,这对提高你们的英语应用能力定会大有裨益。

牛刀小试

I.选择适当的介词短语填空。

without question in the long runto itself regardless of at the expense of

1. He succeeded in business _______ his personal life.

2. They obeyed me ________.

3. It deserves a paragraph ________.

4. This measure inevitably means higher taxes ________.

5. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ________ the color of his skin.

II.判断下列句子中介词短语用得是否恰当,并将不当之处改正。

1. You must finish the negotiation in the week in front of the meeting.2. The two groups were similar with respect to income and status.

3. As to tax, that will be deducted from your salary.

4. That’s nothing but true.

5. His speech was short and at all points.

答案及解析

I.

1. 答案：at the expense of。句意：他经商成功是以牺牲个人生活为代价的。

2. 答案：without question。句意：毫无疑问他们服从我。

3. 答案：to itself。句意：这一点应该有一整段来专门论述。

4. 答案：in the long run。句意：从长远来看，这项举措的结果就是要多纳税。

5. 答案：regardless of。句意：不论肤色如何，该国的每一个人都有权在自己喜欢的地方居住。

II.

1. 错。分析：in front of 应改为prior to，in front of 强调空间关系，本句表达时间关系，因而选用prior to更恰当。句意：你们必须得在开会前一周内完成谈判。

2. 对。分析：本句中介词短语with respect to表达的意思是“就而言”，使用正确，没有疑义。也可用in terms of，in respect to等介词短语。句意：这两组在收入和地位方面是相似的。

3. 对。分析：本句使用as to合适，能清楚表达本句含义，还可使用as for / as regards等。句意：至于税款，将从你薪水中扣除。

4. 错。分析：本句中的nothing but true意义表达模糊，且不符合英语表达习惯，建议改为“That’s anything but true.”。句意：那绝不是真的。

5. 错。分析：本句中的at all points的意思为“完全地”，相当于completely，用于此处不恰当。本句应为“His speech was short and to the point.”。句意：他的讲话简明中肯。