作者：江苏泰兴…    文章来源：http://www.cbe21.net/cgi-bin/index.dll?page9?webid=e6t&userid=1880823&columnno=13&articleid=54    点击数：    更新时间：2006-5-24

所谓语法教学交际化,就是指教师在课堂中,紧密结合学生的生活实际,积极创设实际活动的情景,引导学生在贴近真实的语境中正确理解、掌握和运用语法,使学生达到语法概念清楚,口、笔头练习熟练、准确的目的.具体做法可通过以下四个步骤.

　　第一步:示范.教师口头给出例句,学生不记笔记,锻炼学生听的能力,提高学生的认知能力.教师利用课文中所含语法项目的句子作为此项语法项目的导入.若课文中没有合适的例句,则另选其它短而精的例句.所给例句要语境清楚,便于学生理解该语法现象在什么样的语言环境中使用.

　　第二步:模仿.学生口头重复例句,加深记忆和理解.通过学生听后口头重复例句,检验学生是否理解和记住了教师传递的信息.这"一听一说"还可培养学生高度的注意力和快速的反应能力.与此同时,教师对所给例句要进行提问、分析,启发学生积极思维,观察所学语言材料,发现规律,进一步归纳总结出语法规则.这样做,既能激发学生的学习兴趣,又能培养学生独立分析问题和解决问题的能力.

　　第三步:归纳.在教师的启发和指导下,要求学生学习到位,由学生自己归纳总结出语法规则和要点,使学生能从成功中获得喜悦.

　　第四步:运用.归纳总结后,教师和学生可以设置情景,用所学语法知识进行操练和交际运用.

　　下面举例来说明.例如,在教"虚拟语气"条件句时,教师先不板书条件句和主句的构成形式,也不预先告诉学生哪些与现在事实相反,哪些与过去事实相反和与将来事实相反,而是引导学生自己去判断和归纳.教师说例句,学生听:

1. If it rained, the crops would be saved.(In truth, it doesn't rain.)

2. If Professor Song were here right now, he would help us.(In truth, he isn't here right now.)

3. If I were you, I would go with her.(In truth, I am not you.)

4. If he knew my telephone number, he would ring me up.(In truth, he doesn't know my telephone number.)

学生反复重复例句后,可以总结出以上四个句子是与现在事实相反的.

5. If you hadn't told him about my secret, he wouldn't have known it.(In truth, you told him about it.)

6. If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.(In truth, he didn't study hard, he failed the exam.)

7. If I had come yesterday, I would have met her.(In truth, I didn't come, I didn't meet her.)

学生反复练习后,可以总结出5、6、7三个句子是与过去事实相反的.

8. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out.

9. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go out.

10. If it rained tomorrow, we would not go out.

　　学生可以总结出8、9、10三个句子是与将来事实相反的.然后,教师启发学生归纳和总结这三种条件句的构成,为下一步运用做好准备.接着,学生在教师提供情景的基础上进行操练和运用.

情景:It's too bad that Tom isn't here.学生可以造出许多"与现在事实相反"的句子,如:If he were here, I would ask him for help.

情景:Mary failed the exam again, because she didn't study hard.

学生造句:If Mary had studied hard, she would have passed the exam.

情景:You should tell your mother the truth.

学生造句:If I were you, I would tell my mother the truth.

　　教师通过示范,学生通过模仿、归纳以及高密度、快节奏的操练,他们就能较好地掌握虚拟语气条件句.这种交际化的语法教学,可以确保学生当堂消化、吸收和巩固新的语法项目.