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以新课程理念实施发展性评价
作者:刘兆义 文章来源:芦溪英语教学网 点击数: 更新时间:10/14/2007
新课程倡导发展性评价。发展性评价要求不仅关心学生的成绩,而且要发现和发展学生的潜能,帮学生认识自我,建立自信。让我们分析两个英语课堂教学评价的案例。 【案例一】初中现在进行时态教学中的课堂评价活动 ①教师介绍活动内容和要求:Now, class, quiz! Look and say. Please look and say what's happening。 For example, look and say what he's doing! (课件显示一个男孩在读英语课文的动画,旁边用数字倒计时)You say, "He's reading or he's reading English. Let's see who is quickest!" ②课件显示一个男孩和同学打篮球,教师指令Look and Say。 S1: They're play basketball.(学生表达有错误) T: Good, but pay attention. They're playing basketball. You get ONE point. Anyone else? S2:He's playing basketball on the playground. T:Well done! He's playing basketball on the playground. You get TWO points.… ③教师组织第二项评价活动:All right, let's come to the next, PAIRWORK. Look, ask and answer. Look at thes creen. (课件显示孩子在教室里进行各项活动的情景)One student asks a question about the picture. The other gives the answer. For example, "What's the girl doing?" The other answers, "She's doing homework." Then take down how many questions or answers you have got. Now, let's begin.(活动情况略) 【案例二】阅读教学后的书面表达评价活动 Why don't you learn to sing English songs? 是篇近300字的文章(人民教育出版社Go for it! Unit 8, 8B)。在阅读、理解和学习的基础上,教师组织用书面表达的形式进行课堂评价活动: ①Close your books. Write a summary of the reading using no more than 100 words.学生按照教师的要求开始写作。 ②在学生完成并进行认真修改后,教师要求: Read your partner's work, and tick out all the sentences you like or you think are correct. 学生阅读自己同伴的作品并在自己喜欢或认为正确的句子前面打勾。 ③Read out the sentences you like or you think are correct. 学生积极踊跃地在实物投影机上显示自己同伴的作品并念出喜欢或认为正确的句子。如: English is the most important language for the world people to communicate with each other. So, as the host for the 2008 Olympics, many Chinese people are improving their English in different ways. … Most young people enjoy singing songs, so the contest by singing English songs can make them more interested in learning English. … I don't think the results of the competition are important. … I think this kind of contest can encourage more and more people to learn English. … 教师适时适度地给予评点和修饰。 ④Well,check your work over carefully. Then evaluate it with EXCELLENT, GOOD, or FAIR by yourself. 学生认真重新审读自己的作品并作一些必要的修改或改动,然后进行自我评价…… 上述活动成功地实现了发展性评价的价值: 1.能与教学目标保持一致性和整体性;遵循学生的认知规律,循序渐进,逻辑性强;凸现学生的主体地位,促进所学语言和知识的巩固、发展和应用。 2.能激发学生积极参与,在主动作业(active occupations)过程中积极思维、实践、探究和创新。案例一中的游戏肯定所有学生的参与;案例二肯定每个学生都是正确或成功的,都体现了发展性评价充满情感而非奖惩的特征,即承认每个学生独立活动的价值。 3.能促进教师和学生、学生和学生之间互动;规避只以教师为裁判者的倾向;展现评价方式的丰富性、多元性和多样性。 4.能使学生的主动活动与愉快、轻松、有序、和谐的教学环境相互作用,达到预定目标。教师所设计的具有强烈的实践指向性的活动有效地促进学生语言知识框架的建构并对他们真实的语言运用产生明显导向。"一切为了学生的发展"是基础教育改革的核心理念。为此,英语教师在设计课堂教学目标评价的内容和活动中,综合考虑学生的情绪状态、注意状态、参与状态、思维状态、生成状态等六个方面,以使得评价起到促进学生积极发展的功能。
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