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任务型英语课堂教学设计的探索与实践
作者:未知 文章来源:http://www.zsuschool.com/dtk/article_show.aspx?sn=110 点击数: 更新时间:4/14/2006
3. 任务型课堂教学设计的步骤 Wills(1996)在她的专著A Framework for Task-based Learning中提出了任务型课堂教学的三个步骤:前任务(pre-task)、任务环(task-cycle)和语言聚焦(language focus)。 3.1 前任务(pre-task):教师向学生介绍主题和任务,帮助学生理解任务的指令和做好准备。 3.2 任务环(task-cycle):在此阶段,为学生为完成交际任务而尽其所能运用以学的语言知识。任务环由
三个部分组成。 3.2.1 任务(task):学生执行任务,老师监督。 3.2.2 计划(planning):各组学生准备如何向全班报告任务完成情况,老师可以给予适当的指导。 3.2.3 汇报(reporting):学生报告任务完成情况,老师充当主席的角色,评价各组任务的完成情况。 3.3 语言聚焦(language focus)学生进一步学习、巩固和掌握前阶段所运用的语言的某些特征。 任务性课堂教学设计就是在教学目标确定之后,教师分析和设计具体任务 、完成任务所需要的其他前提知识以及需要采用的教学方法和技巧等,旨在将每一项教学目标演变为教学活动中可用的具体内容。
4. 任务型课堂教学设计的实践探索 在任务型课堂教学中,教师要从学生“学”的角度来设计教学活动,使学生的学习活动具有明确的目标,并构成一个有梯度的连续系列。要使学生在教师所设计的各种“任务”中,能够不断地获得知识或得出结论,从而获得语言运用的能力,而不仅是现成的语言知识点。这样,随着“任务”的不断深化,整个语言学习的过程会越来越自动化和自主化。
笔者以SEFC Book 2A Lesson42 (Hurricane) 教学实践为例来说明任务型课堂教学设计。 教学目标: 1、理解课文内容,能够回答有关问题,并能对课文的主要内容作简要复述; 2、培养概括、分析能力,学习记笔记。 3、活化教材,对课内知识进行拓展、延伸,培养发散思维能力。 4、学会从各种媒体获取所需信息的技能。 5、教育学生学会自我保护。 教学步骤: Pre-task 1、通过问答复习上节课内容,引出“Hurricane”话题。 Why were Pippa's parents worried? (A hurricane is likely to come.) 2、What do you know about hurricanes? How do hurricanes work? 学生呈现他们课前了解的情况,教师通过多媒体课件给以提示(对课内知识进行拓展延伸)。 Task-cycle 展示课件,用问题What's the result after the hurricane? 引入任务。 Task 1: Read the passage quickly, then choose the best answer to each question: 1. The reason why nineteen people died in the hurricane perhaps was that . A. it rained heavily and they were washed away B. very tall trees were blown down C. the big trees fell down where they were sleeping D. they were missing in the dark 2. From the passage the greatest harm to the towns and villages was that in the hurricane. A.there was no electricity B.water supply was cut off without electricity C.people couldn't get in touch with others D.a great many tall trees were brought down 3. At that night some people couldn't get to sleep, which made them . A.safe the whole night B.nervous all the time C.lucky all night long D.protect themselves as possible as they could 4. With the help of the soldiers and the workers from other parts of Britain . A.everything would be better as soon as possible B.things were got back as they were before C.the towns and villages were much better than before D.the people had nothing to worry about (CDDA) Task 2: Read the first three paragraphs, answer the following questions: 1. What happened on Friday October, 1987? 2. What the weather like in England? 3. What about the rain that night? 4. Could you describe the picture according to the third paragraph?(展示课件) Task 3: Read the passage again and make notes: Time: Between the hours of midnight and 6a.m Friday,Oct.16th,1987 Place: The southeast corner of England Speed of the hurricane: Up to 160kph Damage: 1. 15,000,000 trees were blown down; blocking roads, paths and railway lines. 2. Electricity lines, telephone poles were brought down 3. Water supply was cut off 4. There was no electricity 5. 19people lost their lives Reasons: Plenty of rain, strong winds, trees with leaves on were easily pushed over Escapes: A woman-a tree fall onto the other half of her bed A family-spend the night in a field Results: 1. Army-cut through the fallen trees, help clear the roads and paths 2. Electricity and telephone workers-help repair the damage 3. Everything-retuned to normal Task 4: Find the main idea of each paragraph (work in pairs ) Task 5: Introduce the hurricane in England with when , where, what, why, how, damage, result according to the text. Task 6: Discuss the question in groups, then report (work in groups): Suppose a hurricane strikes Guangzhou, What will you do to protect yourself?
Language focus 1. Master the following expressions: If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, there would bave been many more deaths. push over; blow down; bring down find sth. done; have sth . done; get sth. done; have their leaves on; awake (adverbial); call in; call for; call on; call at (这些语言点都涵盖在各项任务中,学生在执行各项任务的过程中,对其已基本掌握,在此只需简要归纳 总结即可,以免影响语篇整体阅读。) 2. Write down the retelling of the text (according to task 5)(可以作为课后作业)
结束语 任务型教学强调了学生语言运用能力的培养,注重发展学生的学习策略,促进了学生创新精神和实践能力的提高,充分体现了以教师为指导、以学生为主体的素质教育理念,在英语课堂教学中越来越显示出其优越性。 在课堂教学设计的过程中,教师必须牢记教学是人的活动,无论是教师还是学生,人的因素应当成为英语课堂教学设计的基本依据。教师的主要作用是如何在课堂教学中创造一种有利于学习者外语习得的条件,使学生通过生生之间、师生之间的互动与交际,运用语言并掌握语言。需要指出的是,任务型教学设计的任务难度很难把握,任务的系统性和延续性也难以控制。尽管如此,其教学思想和教学原则越来越受到重视并被运用到教学实践中。我们英语教育工作者有必要在今后的教学实践中不断探索、总结,使这一教学模式逐步规范,更富有生命力。
参考文献: 1、周春敏《谈谈高中英语任务型课堂教学设计》(中小学英语教学与研究2002:5) 2、罗少茜 陆锡钦《解读“任务型的教学途径”:任务 真实性 任务链》(中小学外语教学2002:11) 3、卢莉《初中英语任务型教学实验研究》(中小学外语教学2002:3)
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